Political Events
- 1227 - Death of Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire.
- 1945 - Reported death of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in a plane crash at Taiwan (still debated).
- 1960 - Gabon gained independence from France.
- 2008 - Pervez Musharraf, President of Pakistan, resigned under threat of impeachment.
Scientific & Technological Discoveries
- 1868 - Pierre Janssen discovered helium during a total solar eclipse in India.
- 1982 - First Compact Discs (CDs) and CD players released in Japan.
Literature & Culture
- 1958 - Vladimir Nabokov’s controversial novel “Lolita” published in the United States.
Global & Social Milestones
- 1587 - Virginia Dare, first English child born in the Americas at Roanoke Colony.
- 1920 - The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution ratified, granting American women the right to vote.
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